Koshiya Jacob

Difference between Scrum and Kanban:                     Scrum:                                                |                                             Kanban:

  Benefit of using Scrum: Transparency among the team, client and stakeholders, so the changes can be visible to everyone, which leads produce quality product. Conducting Daily Stand-Up meeting ensuring Continuous feedback improves Customer satisfaction. Scrum clearly defines the sprint roles. Flexibility to allow quick product changes. Through Early feedback reduces the risk factors and deliver the product on time. Promote flexibility and adaptability. Works for both simple and complex projects effectively.

The most important Agile ceremony in Agile: (Sprint Planning ) The most important Agile ceremony depends on the Agile methodology.  The most important ceremony is Sprint Planning. Sprint planning held at the beginning of each sprint and is where the team identifies what tasks can be delivered in the sprint and how that work will be achieved.  The development team, scrum master, and product owner meet to plan work, discuss work in progress, gather feedback, and more. Other Agile ceremonies that help to empower teams of all sorts include: Daily Stand-up meeting: To discuss progress and identify blockers. Sprint Review: Meeting held at the end of the sprint to review the work completed and what works remain. Sprint Retrospective: In this meeting they talk about What went well, what went wrong and what to improve for next sprint.

 Agile Ceremonies: Agile Ceremonies is an event in the Agile, where the team discuss about what's the next actions is. The four Agile Ceremonies are,   Sprint Planning Meeting Daily Scrum Meeting Sprint Review Meeting  Sprint Retrospective Meeting                           

 Different roles in Agile: 1)Product Owner: The Product owner define the goals and prioritize the task. The Product Owner understands the requirements of the project from a stakeholder perspective.  Responsibility of Product Owner: Create, manage, and revise the product backlog. Manage release. Manage stakeholders.

  Agile is better than Waterfall Model: In Agile the customer has frequent and early opportunities to assess the work being delivered, but in Waterfall doesn’t involve customers in the projects. In Agile changes allowed throughout the development life cycle, but in Waterfall model changes not allowed frequently. In Agile project less re-work takes place because changes are identified in the early stages, but in Waterfall model there is a high possibility of re-work after the completion of a major feature. In Agile Customer feedback is allowed, but in Waterfall model less possibility of getting feedback from customers and the team.

  Disadvantages of Waterfall model: This model is not suitable for complex project. Need to wait till each phase gets complete. Every phase depends on the previous phase. If there is defect in Requirement phase that may continue in later phases. Testing will start only after coding phase. Frequent changes on the requirements are not allowed. Suitable for small size project.

 GitHub: GitHub is the collection repository which contains the files of the project. GitHub is a web-based platform which hosts software development projects and uses Git for Version management. GitHub is a user-friendly interface which is collaborative tools and management tool. GitHub will allow the developers to create and manage the code in the repository in the remote locations where other can access the code.  Workflow of GitHub:

 DevOps: Development + Operations =DevOps. DevOps implements the technology in order to promote collaboration between the developer team and the operation team to deploy code to production.  The goal of the DevOps is to increase the speed for delivering the application. DevOps Life Cycle: Benefits of DevOps: Faster Delivery Improved Collaboration Increase Automation Improved Quality Increase Customer Satisfaction and Security.

 CI (Continuous Integration): Developer frequently commit to a shared common repository using a version control system such as GIT. A Continuous integration pipeline can automatically run builds, store the artifacts, run Unit test, and even conduct code reviews using tools. We can configure the CI pipeline to be triggered every time there is a commit/merge in the code. CI workflow:

  Compatibility Test: It comes under Non Functional testing. It is performed on an application to check its running capability on different platform or environment. Compatibility testing is to check the developed software application functionality on various software, hardware, network and browser etc. We contact compatibility testing only on stable build. Categories of compatibility testing:

 Unit Testing: It is a type of software testing, that focus on individual unit or components or piece of code which test the function or class. It is performed by developers , before the coding is integrated developers going for Unit testing. This allows developers to quickly identify and fix any issue early in the development phase. Main purpose to to check the correctness of the code. It is also called Component testing Flow of Unit Test:

 Non Functional Testing: A type of a software testing that verifies on non functional aspects of the product, such as performance, stability and usability. Focus on customer expectation. Can be done by automation testing Types of Non Functional testing:

 White Box Testing : In white box testing the tester should know the internal logic of the code Its is mostly done by developer. The testing of software is started after the detailed design document. It is also called Clear box testing.       White box test design techniques: Control flow testing' Data flow testing Branch testing Types of White box testing: Path testing Loop testing Condition testing

 Alpha Testing: Alpha testing is performed to identify bugs before releasing the product to real users. It is one of the type User Acceptance Testing. It is the last testing stage before the software is released into the real world. Purpose of Alpha testing: To identify and resolve critical bugs and issues in the software before it is released to the public. Advantages of Alpha Testing: Early identification of bugs and issues. Improves the quality of the software. Faster resolution of problems. Cost Saving.

 Regression Testing: Testing conducted on modified build to make sure that, there will be no impact on existing functionality by changing (adding /deleting /modifying) the application features. It is a black box testing technique. When we can perform Regression testing: When new functionality added to the application. when there is change in requirement. After fixing the defect. When there is a performance change. Regression Testing process:

System Testing, Integration Testing, E2E Testing: 1) System Testing: In System testing, testers test the complete  functionality of the application with respective client requirement. System testing is a black box testing. After completion of Component and Integration testing testers start System testing. System Testing done by professional Tester. System testing mainly focus on 4 areas: Graphical User Interface Testing (GUI Testing) Functional Testing Non Functional Testing Usability Testing        Advantages of System Testing: Verify the overall function of the System. Detects and identifies system level problem. Increase the system quality and reduce risk. Enhance overall performance of the system.

  Use Case:         Use Case describes the functional requirements, which help us to understand the client needs.         It is written by Product Owner / Business Analyst. Test Scenario:         Based on the Use Case ,Test Scenario is created and it is Tester responsible.         Test Scenario --- "What to Test"         Example : Validate the functionality of Login Button. Test Case:         Test Case describes Test steps/ Procedure.         Test Case --- "How to Test"         Step by step actions to be performed to verify the functionality.         It is prepared by Test Engineer. Example:   TC1: Click the submit button without entering Username and Password TC2: Click the submit button with valid credentials. Simple diagrammatic representation:           Here Test D...

  Reason behind detailed bug description:         Detailed bug description explains the problem in-depth, it is a roadmap for the developer to understand the bug nature and its impacts.         The bug description contains context by describing circumstances, use case id in which the bug was found . Example image of Bug Report:

  To log a bug:        Find a bug is important, but documenting it also a important part.        While testing when the tester see the application is deviating from the expected result, then he report the bug /defect to the developer using Defect Reporting Tools like Jira, Dev Track, Clear Quest etc   To log a defect in step by step process: 1) Identify the defect  2)Reproduce the defect 3)Gather information  4)Log the defect 5)Assign the defect to the developer 6)Track the defect State of defects how its work in Real World:

 STLC:      It delas only the testing process. It is the part of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle).      Different activities performed by the testing team to ensure the quality of the software or product.      STLC provides step by step  testing process to release the quality product to the customer. STLC Phases:          

 SDLC:           SDLC -- Software Development Life Cycle            It is the process used by software industry to design, develop and test the software.           It is the step by step process which we follow to deliver a quality product to the customer. Phases in SDLC Process:         1) Requirement Analysis - Define the scope of the product( what need to build and what not to build)         2) Design - Designing the software which we can visual as possible about the vision.         3) Development - It is the coding part handled by developers.         4)Testing - Different types of testing takes place.         5)Deployment - Deploying frequently will help to avoid more and bugs.         6) Maintenance - This phase occur once the software is fully operational, where the software is m...

 Use Case:  Use case describes functional requirements prepared by Business Analyst / Product Manager.  It is the part of SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document.  Use case help us to understand the requirement.  Using use case, we will derive multiple test scenarios.

Reason behind Production server and Test server similarity: Production servers and test servers should closely resemble each other because when testers replicate the same environment as users, they will be able to detect issues what in real world user will face, so these issues are resolved before releasing the application to users.             Advantage:   User can use bug free application that runs smoothly without any issues.

 Different environments in a software development team: Development Environment:  It is the very first environment in software development, it is the workspace for developer to do coding and other operations. Testing Environment: In Test environment the test team analyze the quality of the application or program. Staging Environment: Staging environment is to run more tests that check for bugs and errors. It is the exact replica of a production environment. Production Environment: The Production environment is a live server that all customers use to perform their business activities. Here the final deployment of the product is done. This is also called as "Live Environment" because direct customers interaction takes place, accessing to the production server is limited and highly secure.

  Cloud based software:  Any software program or application that stored, managed and available through cloud.   Example for Cloud based software:  Net banking, Zoom (Video conference), Dropbox (file Storage) etc.  Going through the browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, IE, Opera) to access your data is mean that you are using a cloud application.    

 Client:     A client is a program that makes requests to a server.     Example for client: laptop, desktop, smartphones etc. Server:    A server is a program that fulfills those requests.     Example for server: web servers, database servers, file servers etc. Client Server Architecture: